2 thoughts on “Writing a dissertation based on Mo Pangson (necklace)”
Gretchen
There are many themes of the Mo Pusan's novel "Necklace". There is a kind of opinion that "novels are sharply satirizing the idea of vanity and pursuit of enjoyment." This view is obviously a reflection of the "Poverty Music" view that existed in the era before reform and opening up. As a result, the following opinions have recently appeared:
(1) I believe that the novel tells the reader that the fate of man is arranged by unexpected "creation". 2
(2) The tragedy image of Matteld pointed out that women's only way out in a capitalist society centered on money can only be ornaments. ③
(3) I think the novel is a sincere love song. ④
(4) I believe that the novel tells readers through the image of Matilder that in a society where money is supreme, pursuing personality dignity is to pay a huge price. 5
This saying that although these statements are trying to explain the theme from the novel text and interpret the man's hand from the image of the protagonist, they still fail to hold the main connotation of the main character's image, so they still fail to be in place. So what connotation of the heroine Matterd's image package?
is love
It novels shaped the image of the heroine from the perspective of "women's beauty" Essence This is proved by the beginning of six natural paragraphs. The beginning is divided into three layers. The first floor is the first to two natural paragraphs. She wrote that she was born in a small staff family and married a small staff. Therefore, she could not pay attention to dressing. The charming is their origin; the natural cleverness, beautiful posture, and gentle temperament are their only qualifications. "" In women "Yun Yun showed the image of the heroine from the perspective of women's natural perspectives. So the second layer (third to fifth nature) said at the beginning of the third natural paragraph: "She thinks she is born for an elegant and luxurious life." "Is nature? Obviously," elegant and luxurious life "can only be read as" beautiful life "in the context. The novel then wrote her dreams of living, eating, and wearing a beautiful life with the three natural paragraphs of San, Four, and Friday, expressing her strong desire for beauty. The last sixth natural paragraph is the third layer. She wrote the pain after her rich girlfriend's home, in order to contrast the meaning of the previous layer. Starting to interpret the reader's interpretation of the heroine preset a key, that is, the heroine described by the Necklace has the nature of women's beauty.
The novels fully showed that Matilder was a beautiful woman. Isn't making new clothes and borrowing necklaces that she loves beauty? It describes the characteristics of Marteld's beauty to the fullest. She selects jewelry. Faced with a dazzling beauty, she "look", "look", "then watch" the "hesitant" mentality, she saw the joy of "jumping up" when she saw the diamond necklace. The necklace's mirror, as well as a series of enthusiastic actions such as "jump", "搂", "pro", "running" after borrowing the necklace, portraying a beautiful woman is wonderful. The excitement and intoxication of her dancing pushed her beauty to a climax. After returning home, she "took advantage of this glory to dress on her makeup, and then look at herself again." Even if she was greedy for beauty, it caused a tragedy to fall into trouble, and she "recalled the ball that year, how beautiful she was, how beautiful she dumped!" Mattilde loves beauty and no regrets! R! R! n is simply
Matilde is another simple woman. She became the wife of another small employee from the woman of a small employee. Her living environment was limited to the family of small staff members. Therefore, she was narrow, lacks experience in life, and educated shallowly. Beauty is natural, and no acquired training is required: how to love beauty, such as how to distinguish between true and false jewelry, you need the acquired education. Martilder obviously lacks this lesson, and the living environment of small staff is unlikely to give her this lesson. In addition, Marteld has never undergone the complex and complicated life. Although she has become Mrs. Luvili, she is still as simple as a girl. To make a new dress, she can only use tears to find her husband's consent; without jewelry, she wants to get a helpless distress. After her husband's borrowed ideas, "she made a surprise. 'Really! I didn't expect this!" "Didn't you think of the four words"? After borrowing the necklace, he jumped and ran, and he was running and running. He wrote a simple woman image, like a naive girl. When she bought the true necklace to return her girlfriend, she worried that her girlfriend would be a thief, and the heroine's simplicity almost reached the point of "pedantic". Ten years later, she told her girlfriend about the truth of the negligence, and the novel wrote: "She laughed with a naive expression." Wouldn't the naive smile engraved the word "simple"?
Because of simplicity, she didn't know that the external world was mottled and mixed with fish and dragons, so there was no concept of "fake" in her thoughts, let alone identifying true and false jewelry. Otherwise, why can't she buy real jewelry why can't I buy a low -quality and beautiful simulation jewelry? Why did she not expect that there would be a jewelry when she chose her girlfriend’s jewelry? Maybe the necklace that wants to lose may be fakes? In fact, as long as she is a simple woman from the following point: When the lingering chain compensation chain, the husband took out the "18 Thousands of Fazer left by his father". This is a lot of property in the small staff family, but Mattilde as a housewife knows nothing about it. Isn't this simply an excellent evidence? The stream is clear but light; if the flowers in the warm room, the beauty looks tender and weak.
It is courage
After the lack of necklaces and compensation chains, Matterde's living environment has changed drama, and she has issued a new characteristic at the level of her personality -courage Essence In order to pay off the debt, in the face of the brutal dilemma, she is not discouraged, pessimistic, does not go to the crooked door, and does not betray her beautiful and touching appearance (the beauty appearance is a priceless property in the commodity society). She depends on her will, spirit and strength, and rely on her own hands, "a copper and a copper, saving her difficult money." She "made up her mind", unwavering, confidently "to repay this terrible debt." She really succeeded. No wonder the writers behind the calm potential novel paper also emerged and praised: "She suddenly showed heroic spirit." Ten years of debt repayment, refining the heroine, making her mature, strong, and making her a courageous female.
It beauty, simplicity and courage, constitute three levels of Matilder's image. Love beauty is a kind of nature of her as a woman; simple is the personality formed by her origin, education, experience and personal temperament; courage is a deep quality of beauty and simplicity development.
In interpretation of the image of the heroine of the novel, the image of Matilde, we also interpret another role of another contradiction and conflict to build a plot chain with the heroine Essence Is this "who"? Is it Luvili or the wife of the Buddha? Nothing, these two people do not conflict with the heroine in the novel. The novel mainly writes Marteld, Luvili, and Mrs. Flezi Festival, where is there any other characters? Yes, the novel also writes a very important "character" that helps theme interpretation. The conflict of Erde constituted the plot chain of the novel, but we were ignored. This is the "necklace" (the diamond necklace). In novels, "necklace" is no longer a jewelry in the usual sense. It is not a pure object. It blends the writer's "meaning" and makes it an image in the novel. So, "necklace" as an image "role" in the novel, what does it have?
is the beauty of the outside
She found a beautiful diamond necklace in a green satin box, and she jumped up with joy. She shook her necklace with both hands. In front of the mirror, you are looking for your shadow for a long time. "From the descriptions of Matilder's" heartbeat "," hand shake ", and" out of mind ", it strongly set out the outstanding beauty of" necklace " - Concerned by readers. (This kind of artistic method is called "the master of the guests" in Chinese classical poetry.
The appearance of the necklace has an unparalleled beauty of excellence, but its internal quality is fake. The novel exposes the meaning of the fake in the necklace at the end.
It -to -American internal leave is the connotation of the "necklace" given by the writer. Outer beauty is the surface meaning of the necklace, which has great confusion and deception; internal fake is the inner meaning of the necklace, which has great concealment and harm.
"Necklace" is a "role" in the inside and outside, and the appearance of the surface.
It now we clearly see that the plot of the novel is constructed by the conflict between Marteld and the necklace; The collision of the necklace forms the plot chain of the novel: combined -separation -do not. Marteld's choice of necklace is the result of love beauty and outer beauty. This is "combined". "Combined" first made Matilds intoxicating at the ball, and then the necklace disappeared quietly. This is "separation". "Separation" caused tragedy. After the necklaces of the internal and American internal leaves were left, Matilder checked the spirit from the pain and the courageous struggle with Er's operation, and finally paid off the debt. This was "no later."
The theme of the novel is contained in the plot chain of "Combination -Separation -Doom".
In "Combination" to "separation" to interpret the tragedy process of Matilder (novels are naturally divided into "borrowing chain", "discharge necklace", "compensation chain"). In the process, we see the cause of tragedy. There is no doubt that the necklaces of foreign and internal leave are the external causes of tragedy. Imagine if it is genuine and real diamond necklaces, will it rush off and leave quietly? Because of the beauty of the necklace, it is confusing and deceived, and it is fascinated by Matterd. Sexual, so it is easy to damage and fall off but not perceived, and has caused Matld's tragedy. The internal cause of the tragedy is the simplicity of Matilder's character. There is a good side with a good side. In the world of complex and true and false, it only causes tragedy with simplicity. Marteld's simple beauty, lacking understanding and sufficient identification ability of the mottled mottled world, how could it be possible to know the truth of the necklace "internal fake"? It is exactly its own simplicity. Too simple, not knowing the world, and lack of experience and ability to identify authenticity, is the inherent cause of Matilde's tragedy.
TOC's theme of the novel has surfaced. The tragedy of the novel through Matilder borrowed the necklace and lost a serious warning to women who love beauty: only with simple beauty, lack of experience, lack of ability to involve the world, lack of recognition of truth, goodness, and false and ugly vision, only look at the appearance of the appearance If you do n’t know the essence, you have to pay a painful price! Mo Pangsan sounded the alarm to the beauty of beauty with novels.
The theme of the "Necklace" is not just a warning significance. If the novel only provides a warning significance, then the plot of "Farewell" in the novel (the novel is divided into "debt repayment") in the novel can be completely removed, at least it can be written. Obviously, Mo Passan does not want to be satisfied with the warning of the novel. His humanitarian care has made him very sympathetic to the tragedy of the heroine, but also let her open her gorgeous flowers. The simplicity of the simplicity has caused a tragedy, and the honesty and sincerity will also be courageous and unyielding in a bumpy life journey. Mo Pange hopes that they will mature in the storm in the unfortunate unfortunately sympathizing with beautiful women, and hopes that they will not be pessimistic or fallen in front of doom. They hope that they will use their own hands to conquer their difficulties to win the new one. victory. Therefore, the novel is also pregnant with great encouragement to the beautiful women who have been deceived in the predicament.
The warning and encouragement of beauty love women constitutes the theme of the Mo Pangan novel "Necklace".
. The above theme explanation is based on my unique understanding of the unique creative art of the necklace novel. The ever -speakers often include this novel into a critical realist frame, so they label the "petty bourgeois" image to the novel hostess Matilder's image, and engraved the mark of the novel theme "Criticizing the Capitalism System". Essence In fact, the writer did not intend to "reproduce typical characters in typical environments" at all. Therefore, when interpreting the theme of "Necklace", pay attention to the following points:
(1) Novels dilute the social environment of the character's survival. In order to "reproduce typical characters in typical environments", realism attaches great importance to environmental descriptions. It always portrays the character of the characters from the specific environment that reflects the essence of social relations in a certain historical period. It is difficult for readers who have read "Necklace" to say that the environmental relationship of the hostess is at least difficult to clearly outline this environment. From the era of novels (such as the era of novel creation), the heroine lived in the French capitalist society in the 19th century; The small environment of social contradictions and class contradictions. The novel obviously dilutes the real environment of the characters, and does not want to describe the theme of the character's performance from a specific environment (that is, the so -called "typical environment" in literature and art in literature and art.
(2) The "beginning" of novel settings. Generally speaking, the beginning of the novel is the beginning of the plot of the novel. The "beginning" of "Necklace" is not the case. The plot of the novel started at "one evening" her husband returned home and brought a dance invitation issued by the Minister of Education. Obviously, the "beginning" is not related to this plot, and it is a separate section that is separated from the plot. Where does this particular structure point? I have pointed out in the first part of this article: "Starting '' is a key to interpret the heroine. The novel first gives the key to the reader, indicating that the writer is afraid of the reader misunderstanding. However, carelessness is careless. The reader still disappointed the writer's painstaking efforts, ignoring the intention of "beginning ', and did not grasp the key" Women's Essence Beauty' '. Imagine the key to interpreting the novel provided by "beginning". How can the explanation be in place?
(3) The tragedy of Matilder is a personal tragedy and tragedy. Based on the realistic paradigm to interpret the "necklace", it always thinks that Matilder's tragedy is Social tragedy is caused by the capitalist system. This does not fit the reality of novels. Novels have not touched the essence of the capitalist social system at all; and no one for the necklaces in the United States and the United States to impose to Marteld, it is completely her. I took the initiative to choose. Therefore, she picked the diamond necklace of the middle of her to love the beauty of her beauty, and it was her simple personality and temperament. Is it possible to make a tragedy if she has the ability to identify authentic jewelry? It is purely self -brewing and self -discussing bitterness, and the main reason is that we are simple and lack of recognition.
The above three points to interpret the "necklace" to us, and the theme of searching for novels is very useful. When we grab the key to interpretation of the novel provided by "beginning" and understand the heroine from "Women's Beauty Beauty", and cause tragedy because of the simple personal temperament, then it is not difficult for us to understand the long -lasting reasons of the theme of the necklace. "The heart of beauty, everyone has it." Does the human beings learn lessons from the tragedy of Matilder for a long time? Is it not very beneficial to its warning and encouragement? Reference materials: Baidu
In a low small attic, a young woman who looks aging "worked hard and sturdy" sat alone in front of the window. She remembered the ten. The ups and downs of the past year, remembering the dance that brought her a deep change ten years ago, I recalled the pursuit of the dream of weaving that year ... Thinking of this, she was so emotional that she couldn't help herself -
This woman named Mattild should not be a member of the urban civilians. She was born at the home of a small employee and can be completely like other middle -class women: Marry Give a small employee of the same status, establish a warm little family, and assume the responsibility and obligation given to her by the society -in fact, after Mattild became Mrs. Luvizai, her life path is still It naturally extends forward according to the logic of life.
. Her life after marriage is like this: poor and unsatisfactory house, "good fragrant meat soup", there is a little maid "doing trivial housework for her"; and the heritage of 18,000 francs ... … Therefore, this young woman who does not need any work is still, with enough time and energy to maintain her beautiful appearance, "pink fingers" and various "crazy dreams".
The fate arranged this comfortable life for her, but she was uncomfortable and dismissed, and she despised it with "cold" and "poor sour".
Why don't she keep her own or wrong?
"She is a beautiful girl." This is not a condition that every woman has. If wearing a beautiful long dress and a beautiful diamond necklace, a celebration banquet appeared in the upper society, which makes those ladies and ladies who are very noble! ——The scene at the night party proves that Matilder has full confidence in this.
. She is a well -educated woman. Church women's school is the cradle of ladies. It gives Matilder with an elegant temperament and gentle temperament. The "natural and smart" Matilder was undoubtedly an excellent student.
is worse, she is extremely familiar with the lifestyle's lifestyle! The interaction with the Mrs. Ferry Festival -a typical lady, Matterd, can see these exciting scenes: spacious living room, curtains in the east, ancient wall clothes , Strange antiques, pink bass and pine chicken wings ... can also have a charming smile in the quiet hall, "chatting with the men who admire the most with ordinary women."
Matilder's own quality is not inferior to the upper ladies. She has all the conditions for the aristocratic class-the poverty of the family scene and the low slightly abolition of the status! Therefore, "she feels that she is born for an elegant and luxurious life" and "constantly feel distressed."
Then the tragedy occurred.
If Mattilder's appearance is flat, if she is not well educated and vulgar, if she does not have a "rich girlfriend" and knows nothing about the lifestyle of the upper society, Well, everything will not happen, and Matild will serve as a lady of Lada without complaints.
If Mattild is noble, we have full reasons to believe that she will become a bright flower among the expensive ladies, and a dazzling star on the communication field. Isn't it? The unforgettable Monday night, the moving scene that happened in the auditorium of the Ministry of Education fully showed her extremely charm!
but this is just hypothetical. The reality is: she lost the necklace! When she was moving towards the ideal kingdom and seemed to be going to open the door, she suddenly fell to the bottom of the society-even the original middle class status could not be preserved, and she became an ordinary lower-level labor woman.
. If the necklace was not lost at that time, what was her situation now? Who knows? Who knows?
The poor Marteld certainly cannot predict the future fate. It can be told her that losing the necklace will be the advent of disasters, and in the future years, it must pay for it and its heavy price!
At night meeting, Matilder's charming style surrendered all male guests. They "both stared at her, asked her name, asked for the introduction, and the personnel in the department (white -collar workers class (white -collar workers class class (white -collar workers class class (white -collar workers class class !) I wanted to dance with her, and the minister also paid attention to her. "
This for many years, what has been thinking about and lingering in this way, what else is more intoxicating than being favored by the upper men, worshiping all over her pomegranate skirt? As for the jealous eyes of the lady, it makes him feel! The direct consequences of vanity to be extremely satisfied will inevitably have a stronger desire to find opportunities and then show their skills. In any case, she can no longer return to the original "Madam -style Lady -style" life of the monotonous, lonely and poor. The success of the night meeting means that the Pandora box is opened, and it will not be reinforced since then.
therefore, Mattilder after the night party inevitably faced two options: one is that a certain upper man loves her in love with her, and marrys him as a wife; Tild put into the embrace of a man, becoming his mistress, the played items in his hands.
In France in the late 19th century, the capitalist system has developed considerablely, and the establishment of social order has led to rigorous social relations. The story of Prince White Horse and Cinderella became a complete fairy tale. Those gentlemen who are nobility to self-proclaimed are less courageous or they cannot break with traditional concepts. Marriage itself is a means of consolidating social status and achieving a certain purpose-if he can't put the future of his personal future, as for the so-called " Love "life can be compensated by methods other than marriage. Since she can't "let a rich decent person know her, understand her, love her, and marry her" before marriage, Mrs. Luwa after marriage -will never be the hostess of the noble family.
then, "If there is no loss of necklace", isn't the answer obvious? Marteld lost the necklace, but the human nature returned, objectively curbing his rapid decline on the degenerate road. In this sense, the loss of the necklace saved a person's soul. As a result, Matilds began a truly meaningful and fulfilling life -the life of urban civilians.
This is a tragedy of life.
three
. Another extreme can also lead to corruption.
The lack of lack of women in life that can't withstand the pressure of poverty and debt to fall into corruption. There are unique conditions, "because in women, beautiful, rich, and charming are their origin."
. Let's take a look at what kind of dilemma of the couple caught in: the poor savings in the family and the heritage compensation inherited by the husband's inheritance, plus 18,000 Faron's terrible debt, and there is no cannot be able to The huge spiritual pressure on the repayment of debt and the threat to the ride of bankruptcy or jail-did their thin shoulders bear this burden?
. However, Matterd "showed heroic anger at once, and resolutely decided to make ideas" to welcome the severe test of ten years of hard life!
What is the reason that she has not fallen and bravely faces reality, and accepts the challenge of life?
The efforts made in the compensation chain, and in the lines of the full text, we can obviously feel the cautiousness and honesty and innocent character of the small staff. -It after all, she is different from the lower -level civilians who lack good education and a bourgeois who is full of hypocrisy and moral loss. In addition, the pursuit of her ideal persistence also proves that she is a strong person.
This is not the fundamental reason why Matillde has the courage to suffer for ten years of hard work.
. Let's take a look at the image of Matld ten years later. All the capitals that caused her "mad dream" at the beginning, elegance, beauty, and tenderness, "she hugged her hair randomly, tied his skirt sobbing, showing a pair of red hands, talking loudly and talking loudly ... "At this moment, in front of people is a real" poor woman who is poor ", neither the middle -class small Jia Jiyu nor pearly ladies.
But one thing will not change, that is, a warm longing for the upper bourgeoisie life, this kind of unswerving effort to pursue a vivid performance in ten years of hardships, that is, for this The beautiful memories of the night meeting:
Sometimes her husband's office goes, and she is sitting in front of the window alone, thinking back to the ball that year. That night, how beautiful she was, how beautiful she dumped.
The night romance, ten years of hardship. Value, or is it worth it? Marteld's answer is yes. This night meeting was the only climax in her life, the first and last manifestation of her own value, and the glorious highlight left in her dim life experience. It is enough to have such a lifetime in life. The eternal memory of this night meeting is the pillar of spiritual spirit in the past decade and the source of strength!
. She is a woman with a vanity!
r
The ending of the novel is the most exquisite stroke in this exquisite work. For many years, how many people want to use it as the beginning of another story and write a "necklace second". In fact, I don't have to work hard to see it. Because the fate of the novel and even the heroine has reached the limit, there is no room for play.
but the author left us room for fun.
This Mrs. Flean informed the real value of the necklace, which means that Matterd became a "rich woman" with a 36,000 Faron in an instant. In the later half of his life, he made up for the huge losses over the past ten years, and even as for the place where he could get a place in this Money and Money, he became a bourgeois woman.
But one thing will never find it back, that is, the old and eager to try, the dream, the dream. From the first day of the loss of the necklace, Matterd made it clear that this life has missed the "elegant and luxurious life". At this time, she is even more recognized. — Whether it is appearance or temperament.
Over the past ten years, all the difficulties and hardships are the price paid for that successful night meeting. It is precious that its value is valuable at the cost of ten years of hardships and 36,000 Farang. The good memories of the night meeting balanced their psychology and satisfied their vanity experience, so Matteld bravely affected all the sufferings.
If the real value of the "exquisite diamond necklace" of Matteld's life, she will still "get intoxicated in the mist of happiness" and spend the rest of her life unusually.
But now, the unsatisfactory youth, the hopes of all my life are buried by a misunderstanding. The facts of the iron that cannot be accepted. Marteld is much more painful to accept this severe facts than in ten years of hardships.
"My poor Mattild, the hanging necklace is fake, at most 500 Falang!" Salt, its effect is not inferior to the "You're let go, Xianglin!" Mattilde was surprised because of accidents. If you are crazy, there is only one ending: the spiritual collapse.
, although the author himself does not know enough about the social reasons that produce Mattild's tragedy, he is attributed to the occasional loss of the necklace, although the author has sympathy for the heroine. However, Mo Pangsan's vanity of her is completely. From this we can fully feel the strong and rational criticism of critical realism literature in the 19th century.
This Critical realist literature describing many middle and lower young people in the tragedy that failed to change their destiny, and eventually failed-of course, not all of the such as losing the necklace. The Jialulin Mibei (Jiali Sister) in Dracet has no loss of necklace, so she became the mistress of the Heswan; and in "Red and Black", Yu Lian Somar has successfully succeeded He was appointed by the Cavalry Cavalry Lieutenant, but in the end he was still pushed to the broken tail. Let's listen to his generous words in court:
Mr, I don't have this honor to belong to you. In your eyes, I am a farmer who resisted my humble fate ... … Some people use me to kill a hundred, so that such a young man will always lose courage. They are born in a humble class, which can be said to be suffered from poverty, but they are fortunately educated and boldly mixed in. The money man proudly called the circle of high society.
This is my crime. Sir, it will be punished by particularly severe punishment ...
The only said half of the society, and the society's stifling of human nature is an external factor, and the bourgeois thought of poisoning his personality makes him personality. Twisting is the real reason. If not, there are only some upright, kind, and hard -working middle and lower people in the society, and there are more batch of treacherous gentlemen and shameless ladies. The theme of "Necklace"
The traditional view is that this novel is sharply satirized by the vanity of the petty bourgeoisie and the pursuit of enjoyment. Ironics, with a trace of sighs -there is sympathy for Marteld.
The basis for this view is that although there is no word condemning Matilder's vanity, the author's attitude is revealed everywhere in the character description and plot arrangement. For example, how to write about the luxurious life of the big assets as the ideal of Matterd at the beginning. Later, she wrote how she exhausted her husband's savings after receiving the invitation. This series of description shows the soul of this petty bourgeois woman's soul. Vulgar. In addition, the satisfaction of Marteld's night of night brings ten years of hardship, which is a punishment for her vanity. The last ten years of the novel was just for a pupa, which was also irony for her spicy.
Matild's vanity is not an individual phenomenon, but the product of class society, with a certain typical nature. The life that is uneasy and working hard to work hard is that people who are more poor than themselves want to be promoted to large assets, and they want to take shortcuts and borrow the chances of luck. Of course, only a few small assets have been successful, and most of the small assets have fallen into a more tragic situation in the competition. "Necklace" ridiculed the contempt of the pursuit of vanity in class society, and helped us to understand the social reasons why this kind of atmosphere.
. Another view is that the author has no intention of making a clear value judgment on the characters; what he is interested in, or the dramatic changes that occur on the character, which causes the soul to shock and deeply think. It is powerless for this change.
The basis for this view is that, first, from Matterd's view, everyone can get what they want with their own efforts; not to mention "Instead of enduring all kinds of poverty and ugliness, she cannot blame her for vanity and pursuit of enjoyment. The value standard of "poverty" is hidden behind this accusation, and the values of poverty moralization are very suspicious. Second, the author did not criticize the pursuit of enjoyment of enjoyment, and did not praise the debt for ten years of hardships. He did not make a clear tendency choice for the two. , The very small thing can be corrupted, or you can make it all! "
. Our view is that" necklace "is written by the wife of a small civil servant Mattild To compensate the tragedy story of a borrowed fake necklace. The author regrets his helpless situation of his helpless situation although he has a beautiful posture; he expresses sympathy and regret for her unfortunate encounters for her and her husband's unfortunate encounters in a fake necklace; Affirm with the spirit of struggle. The novel also criticized the vanity of the heroine. At the same time, it attacked and exposed the desire of the noble classes and the desire to falsify.
The exquisite concept of "Necklace"
It, in order to highlight the theme, the author designed a tortuous experience of the protagonist from adversity to smooth situation and then falling into adversity. At first, Martild's frustration in marriage seemed to have caught her adversity. However, the Minister of Education held the invitation of the ball and opened the door to hope. The solution of dance and jewelry makes her closer to success. At the dance meeting, he saw the road to success. Unexpectedly, she lost her necklace and caused her to fall into Ecuna again. In this way, the adversity -the transition of adversity has made the situation of the characters more miserable, and the theme is even more prominent.
"Necklace" has a series of unexpected plots. The novel writes that the heroine has been looking forward to the upper society, but after receiving the invitation to the minister's ball, she was "annoyed" and "worried." She succeeded at the dance party, and she was about to work, but lost the necklace. After losing the necklace, I finally learned that the necklace was fake. These plots seem to be unexpected and reasonable, which is inseparable from the author's series of pavement. At the beginning of the novel, the author introduced the psychology of Matilder's longing for high social life, which provided a basis for the description of the character's annoyance and frustration. The novel also mentioned the relationship between the hostess and her friend Buddhism. The heroine borrows the necklace, the necklace, the compensation chain, the debt repayment, and the discovery of the necklace is a pupa, which is related to this. When borrowing and repaying the necklace, the wife of the Buddha's Siyi Festival did not care, which contained a hint that the necklace was not a valuable thing. The last novel out of the necklace is fake. Readers think of the suggestion above and will realize it.
The psychological description of the three "Necklace"
The psychological description of "Necklace" is delicate and profound. The author is very good at showing the character's inner world by psychological analysis. For example, "she always wants to look at people's joy, be envied, and is pursued by seduction." It shows that she hopes to get rid of shabby, dim, and mediocre life, and be in a high society. Mrs. Noble's dream; through "her beauty is better than all female guests", she shows her self -confidence that she is conscious and has the capital of a mediocre family and climbing into the upper society. This vanity is caused by the request of a capitalist society as a game. It foreshadows the inevitability of Marteld's tragedy.
There are many themes of the Mo Pusan's novel "Necklace". There is a kind of opinion that "novels are sharply satirizing the idea of vanity and pursuit of enjoyment." This view is obviously a reflection of the "Poverty Music" view that existed in the era before reform and opening up. As a result, the following opinions have recently appeared:
(1) I believe that the novel tells the reader that the fate of man is arranged by unexpected "creation". 2
(2) The tragedy image of Matteld pointed out that women's only way out in a capitalist society centered on money can only be ornaments. ③
(3) I think the novel is a sincere love song. ④
(4) I believe that the novel tells readers through the image of Matilder that in a society where money is supreme, pursuing personality dignity is to pay a huge price. 5
This saying that although these statements are trying to explain the theme from the novel text and interpret the man's hand from the image of the protagonist, they still fail to hold the main connotation of the main character's image, so they still fail to be in place. So what connotation of the heroine Matterd's image package?
is love
It novels shaped the image of the heroine from the perspective of "women's beauty" Essence This is proved by the beginning of six natural paragraphs. The beginning is divided into three layers. The first floor is the first to two natural paragraphs. She wrote that she was born in a small staff family and married a small staff. Therefore, she could not pay attention to dressing. The charming is their origin; the natural cleverness, beautiful posture, and gentle temperament are their only qualifications. "" In women "Yun Yun showed the image of the heroine from the perspective of women's natural perspectives. So the second layer (third to fifth nature) said at the beginning of the third natural paragraph: "She thinks she is born for an elegant and luxurious life." "Is nature? Obviously," elegant and luxurious life "can only be read as" beautiful life "in the context. The novel then wrote her dreams of living, eating, and wearing a beautiful life with the three natural paragraphs of San, Four, and Friday, expressing her strong desire for beauty. The last sixth natural paragraph is the third layer. She wrote the pain after her rich girlfriend's home, in order to contrast the meaning of the previous layer. Starting to interpret the reader's interpretation of the heroine preset a key, that is, the heroine described by the Necklace has the nature of women's beauty.
The novels fully showed that Matilder was a beautiful woman. Isn't making new clothes and borrowing necklaces that she loves beauty? It describes the characteristics of Marteld's beauty to the fullest. She selects jewelry. Faced with a dazzling beauty, she "look", "look", "then watch" the "hesitant" mentality, she saw the joy of "jumping up" when she saw the diamond necklace. The necklace's mirror, as well as a series of enthusiastic actions such as "jump", "搂", "pro", "running" after borrowing the necklace, portraying a beautiful woman is wonderful. The excitement and intoxication of her dancing pushed her beauty to a climax. After returning home, she "took advantage of this glory to dress on her makeup, and then look at herself again." Even if she was greedy for beauty, it caused a tragedy to fall into trouble, and she "recalled the ball that year, how beautiful she was, how beautiful she dumped!" Mattilde loves beauty and no regrets! R! R! n
is simply
Matilde is another simple woman. She became the wife of another small employee from the woman of a small employee. Her living environment was limited to the family of small staff members. Therefore, she was narrow, lacks experience in life, and educated shallowly. Beauty is natural, and no acquired training is required: how to love beauty, such as how to distinguish between true and false jewelry, you need the acquired education. Martilder obviously lacks this lesson, and the living environment of small staff is unlikely to give her this lesson. In addition, Marteld has never undergone the complex and complicated life. Although she has become Mrs. Luvili, she is still as simple as a girl. To make a new dress, she can only use tears to find her husband's consent; without jewelry, she wants to get a helpless distress. After her husband's borrowed ideas, "she made a surprise. 'Really! I didn't expect this!" "Didn't you think of the four words"? After borrowing the necklace, he jumped and ran, and he was running and running. He wrote a simple woman image, like a naive girl. When she bought the true necklace to return her girlfriend, she worried that her girlfriend would be a thief, and the heroine's simplicity almost reached the point of "pedantic". Ten years later, she told her girlfriend about the truth of the negligence, and the novel wrote: "She laughed with a naive expression." Wouldn't the naive smile engraved the word "simple"?
Because of simplicity, she didn't know that the external world was mottled and mixed with fish and dragons, so there was no concept of "fake" in her thoughts, let alone identifying true and false jewelry. Otherwise, why can't she buy real jewelry why can't I buy a low -quality and beautiful simulation jewelry? Why did she not expect that there would be a jewelry when she chose her girlfriend’s jewelry? Maybe the necklace that wants to lose may be fakes? In fact, as long as she is a simple woman from the following point: When the lingering chain compensation chain, the husband took out the "18 Thousands of Fazer left by his father". This is a lot of property in the small staff family, but Mattilde as a housewife knows nothing about it. Isn't this simply an excellent evidence? The stream is clear but light; if the flowers in the warm room, the beauty looks tender and weak.
It is courage
After the lack of necklaces and compensation chains, Matterde's living environment has changed drama, and she has issued a new characteristic at the level of her personality -courage Essence In order to pay off the debt, in the face of the brutal dilemma, she is not discouraged, pessimistic, does not go to the crooked door, and does not betray her beautiful and touching appearance (the beauty appearance is a priceless property in the commodity society). She depends on her will, spirit and strength, and rely on her own hands, "a copper and a copper, saving her difficult money." She "made up her mind", unwavering, confidently "to repay this terrible debt." She really succeeded. No wonder the writers behind the calm potential novel paper also emerged and praised: "She suddenly showed heroic spirit." Ten years of debt repayment, refining the heroine, making her mature, strong, and making her a courageous female.
It beauty, simplicity and courage, constitute three levels of Matilder's image. Love beauty is a kind of nature of her as a woman; simple is the personality formed by her origin, education, experience and personal temperament; courage is a deep quality of beauty and simplicity development.
In interpretation of the image of the heroine of the novel, the image of Matilde, we also interpret another role of another contradiction and conflict to build a plot chain with the heroine Essence Is this "who"? Is it Luvili or the wife of the Buddha? Nothing, these two people do not conflict with the heroine in the novel. The novel mainly writes Marteld, Luvili, and Mrs. Flezi Festival, where is there any other characters? Yes, the novel also writes a very important "character" that helps theme interpretation. The conflict of Erde constituted the plot chain of the novel, but we were ignored. This is the "necklace" (the diamond necklace). In novels, "necklace" is no longer a jewelry in the usual sense. It is not a pure object. It blends the writer's "meaning" and makes it an image in the novel. So, "necklace" as an image "role" in the novel, what does it have?
is the beauty of the outside
She found a beautiful diamond necklace in a green satin box, and she jumped up with joy. She shook her necklace with both hands. In front of the mirror, you are looking for your shadow for a long time. "From the descriptions of Matilder's" heartbeat "," hand shake ", and" out of mind ", it strongly set out the outstanding beauty of" necklace " - Concerned by readers. (This kind of artistic method is called "the master of the guests" in Chinese classical poetry.
The appearance of the necklace has an unparalleled beauty of excellence, but its internal quality is fake. The novel exposes the meaning of the fake in the necklace at the end.
It -to -American internal leave is the connotation of the "necklace" given by the writer. Outer beauty is the surface meaning of the necklace, which has great confusion and deception; internal fake is the inner meaning of the necklace, which has great concealment and harm.
"Necklace" is a "role" in the inside and outside, and the appearance of the surface.
It now we clearly see that the plot of the novel is constructed by the conflict between Marteld and the necklace; The collision of the necklace forms the plot chain of the novel: combined -separation -do not. Marteld's choice of necklace is the result of love beauty and outer beauty. This is "combined". "Combined" first made Matilds intoxicating at the ball, and then the necklace disappeared quietly. This is "separation". "Separation" caused tragedy. After the necklaces of the internal and American internal leaves were left, Matilder checked the spirit from the pain and the courageous struggle with Er's operation, and finally paid off the debt. This was "no later."
The theme of the novel is contained in the plot chain of "Combination -Separation -Doom".
In "Combination" to "separation" to interpret the tragedy process of Matilder (novels are naturally divided into "borrowing chain", "discharge necklace", "compensation chain"). In the process, we see the cause of tragedy. There is no doubt that the necklaces of foreign and internal leave are the external causes of tragedy. Imagine if it is genuine and real diamond necklaces, will it rush off and leave quietly? Because of the beauty of the necklace, it is confusing and deceived, and it is fascinated by Matterd. Sexual, so it is easy to damage and fall off but not perceived, and has caused Matld's tragedy. The internal cause of the tragedy is the simplicity of Matilder's character. There is a good side with a good side. In the world of complex and true and false, it only causes tragedy with simplicity. Marteld's simple beauty, lacking understanding and sufficient identification ability of the mottled mottled world, how could it be possible to know the truth of the necklace "internal fake"? It is exactly its own simplicity. Too simple, not knowing the world, and lack of experience and ability to identify authenticity, is the inherent cause of Matilde's tragedy.
TOC's theme of the novel has surfaced. The tragedy of the novel through Matilder borrowed the necklace and lost a serious warning to women who love beauty: only with simple beauty, lack of experience, lack of ability to involve the world, lack of recognition of truth, goodness, and false and ugly vision, only look at the appearance of the appearance If you do n’t know the essence, you have to pay a painful price! Mo Pangsan sounded the alarm to the beauty of beauty with novels.
The theme of the "Necklace" is not just a warning significance. If the novel only provides a warning significance, then the plot of "Farewell" in the novel (the novel is divided into "debt repayment") in the novel can be completely removed, at least it can be written. Obviously, Mo Passan does not want to be satisfied with the warning of the novel. His humanitarian care has made him very sympathetic to the tragedy of the heroine, but also let her open her gorgeous flowers. The simplicity of the simplicity has caused a tragedy, and the honesty and sincerity will also be courageous and unyielding in a bumpy life journey. Mo Pange hopes that they will mature in the storm in the unfortunate unfortunately sympathizing with beautiful women, and hopes that they will not be pessimistic or fallen in front of doom. They hope that they will use their own hands to conquer their difficulties to win the new one. victory. Therefore, the novel is also pregnant with great encouragement to the beautiful women who have been deceived in the predicament.
The warning and encouragement of beauty love women constitutes the theme of the Mo Pangan novel "Necklace".
. The above theme explanation is based on my unique understanding of the unique creative art of the necklace novel. The ever -speakers often include this novel into a critical realist frame, so they label the "petty bourgeois" image to the novel hostess Matilder's image, and engraved the mark of the novel theme "Criticizing the Capitalism System". Essence In fact, the writer did not intend to "reproduce typical characters in typical environments" at all. Therefore, when interpreting the theme of "Necklace", pay attention to the following points:
(1) Novels dilute the social environment of the character's survival. In order to "reproduce typical characters in typical environments", realism attaches great importance to environmental descriptions. It always portrays the character of the characters from the specific environment that reflects the essence of social relations in a certain historical period. It is difficult for readers who have read "Necklace" to say that the environmental relationship of the hostess is at least difficult to clearly outline this environment. From the era of novels (such as the era of novel creation), the heroine lived in the French capitalist society in the 19th century; The small environment of social contradictions and class contradictions. The novel obviously dilutes the real environment of the characters, and does not want to describe the theme of the character's performance from a specific environment (that is, the so -called "typical environment" in literature and art in literature and art.
(2) The "beginning" of novel settings. Generally speaking, the beginning of the novel is the beginning of the plot of the novel. The "beginning" of "Necklace" is not the case. The plot of the novel started at "one evening" her husband returned home and brought a dance invitation issued by the Minister of Education. Obviously, the "beginning" is not related to this plot, and it is a separate section that is separated from the plot. Where does this particular structure point? I have pointed out in the first part of this article: "Starting '' is a key to interpret the heroine. The novel first gives the key to the reader, indicating that the writer is afraid of the reader misunderstanding. However, carelessness is careless. The reader still disappointed the writer's painstaking efforts, ignoring the intention of "beginning ', and did not grasp the key" Women's Essence Beauty' '. Imagine the key to interpreting the novel provided by "beginning". How can the explanation be in place?
(3) The tragedy of Matilder is a personal tragedy and tragedy. Based on the realistic paradigm to interpret the "necklace", it always thinks that Matilder's tragedy is Social tragedy is caused by the capitalist system. This does not fit the reality of novels. Novels have not touched the essence of the capitalist social system at all; and no one for the necklaces in the United States and the United States to impose to Marteld, it is completely her. I took the initiative to choose. Therefore, she picked the diamond necklace of the middle of her to love the beauty of her beauty, and it was her simple personality and temperament. Is it possible to make a tragedy if she has the ability to identify authentic jewelry? It is purely self -brewing and self -discussing bitterness, and the main reason is that we are simple and lack of recognition.
The above three points to interpret the "necklace" to us, and the theme of searching for novels is very useful. When we grab the key to interpretation of the novel provided by "beginning" and understand the heroine from "Women's Beauty Beauty", and cause tragedy because of the simple personal temperament, then it is not difficult for us to understand the long -lasting reasons of the theme of the necklace. "The heart of beauty, everyone has it." Does the human beings learn lessons from the tragedy of Matilder for a long time? Is it not very beneficial to its warning and encouragement?
Reference materials: Baidu
On Marteld
In a low small attic, a young woman who looks aging "worked hard and sturdy" sat alone in front of the window. She remembered the ten. The ups and downs of the past year, remembering the dance that brought her a deep change ten years ago, I recalled the pursuit of the dream of weaving that year ... Thinking of this, she was so emotional that she couldn't help herself -
This woman named Mattild should not be a member of the urban civilians. She was born at the home of a small employee and can be completely like other middle -class women: Marry Give a small employee of the same status, establish a warm little family, and assume the responsibility and obligation given to her by the society -in fact, after Mattild became Mrs. Luvizai, her life path is still It naturally extends forward according to the logic of life.
. Her life after marriage is like this: poor and unsatisfactory house, "good fragrant meat soup", there is a little maid "doing trivial housework for her"; and the heritage of 18,000 francs ... … Therefore, this young woman who does not need any work is still, with enough time and energy to maintain her beautiful appearance, "pink fingers" and various "crazy dreams".
The fate arranged this comfortable life for her, but she was uncomfortable and dismissed, and she despised it with "cold" and "poor sour".
Why don't she keep her own or wrong?
"She is a beautiful girl." This is not a condition that every woman has. If wearing a beautiful long dress and a beautiful diamond necklace, a celebration banquet appeared in the upper society, which makes those ladies and ladies who are very noble! ——The scene at the night party proves that Matilder has full confidence in this.
. She is a well -educated woman. Church women's school is the cradle of ladies. It gives Matilder with an elegant temperament and gentle temperament. The "natural and smart" Matilder was undoubtedly an excellent student.
is worse, she is extremely familiar with the lifestyle's lifestyle! The interaction with the Mrs. Ferry Festival -a typical lady, Matterd, can see these exciting scenes: spacious living room, curtains in the east, ancient wall clothes , Strange antiques, pink bass and pine chicken wings ... can also have a charming smile in the quiet hall, "chatting with the men who admire the most with ordinary women."
Matilder's own quality is not inferior to the upper ladies. She has all the conditions for the aristocratic class-the poverty of the family scene and the low slightly abolition of the status! Therefore, "she feels that she is born for an elegant and luxurious life" and "constantly feel distressed."
Then the tragedy occurred.
If Mattilder's appearance is flat, if she is not well educated and vulgar, if she does not have a "rich girlfriend" and knows nothing about the lifestyle of the upper society, Well, everything will not happen, and Matild will serve as a lady of Lada without complaints.
If Mattild is noble, we have full reasons to believe that she will become a bright flower among the expensive ladies, and a dazzling star on the communication field. Isn't it? The unforgettable Monday night, the moving scene that happened in the auditorium of the Ministry of Education fully showed her extremely charm!
but this is just hypothetical. The reality is: she lost the necklace! When she was moving towards the ideal kingdom and seemed to be going to open the door, she suddenly fell to the bottom of the society-even the original middle class status could not be preserved, and she became an ordinary lower-level labor woman.
. If the necklace was not lost at that time, what was her situation now? Who knows? Who knows?
The poor Marteld certainly cannot predict the future fate. It can be told her that losing the necklace will be the advent of disasters, and in the future years, it must pay for it and its heavy price!
At night meeting, Matilder's charming style surrendered all male guests. They "both stared at her, asked her name, asked for the introduction, and the personnel in the department (white -collar workers class (white -collar workers class class (white -collar workers class class (white -collar workers class class !) I wanted to dance with her, and the minister also paid attention to her. "
This for many years, what has been thinking about and lingering in this way, what else is more intoxicating than being favored by the upper men, worshiping all over her pomegranate skirt? As for the jealous eyes of the lady, it makes him feel! The direct consequences of vanity to be extremely satisfied will inevitably have a stronger desire to find opportunities and then show their skills. In any case, she can no longer return to the original "Madam -style Lady -style" life of the monotonous, lonely and poor. The success of the night meeting means that the Pandora box is opened, and it will not be reinforced since then.
therefore, Mattilder after the night party inevitably faced two options: one is that a certain upper man loves her in love with her, and marrys him as a wife; Tild put into the embrace of a man, becoming his mistress, the played items in his hands.
In France in the late 19th century, the capitalist system has developed considerablely, and the establishment of social order has led to rigorous social relations. The story of Prince White Horse and Cinderella became a complete fairy tale. Those gentlemen who are nobility to self-proclaimed are less courageous or they cannot break with traditional concepts. Marriage itself is a means of consolidating social status and achieving a certain purpose-if he can't put the future of his personal future, as for the so-called " Love "life can be compensated by methods other than marriage. Since she can't "let a rich decent person know her, understand her, love her, and marry her" before marriage, Mrs. Luwa after marriage -will never be the hostess of the noble family.
then, "If there is no loss of necklace", isn't the answer obvious? Marteld lost the necklace, but the human nature returned, objectively curbing his rapid decline on the degenerate road. In this sense, the loss of the necklace saved a person's soul. As a result, Matilds began a truly meaningful and fulfilling life -the life of urban civilians.
This is a tragedy of life.
three
. Another extreme can also lead to corruption.
The lack of lack of women in life that can't withstand the pressure of poverty and debt to fall into corruption. There are unique conditions, "because in women, beautiful, rich, and charming are their origin."
. Let's take a look at what kind of dilemma of the couple caught in: the poor savings in the family and the heritage compensation inherited by the husband's inheritance, plus 18,000 Faron's terrible debt, and there is no cannot be able to The huge spiritual pressure on the repayment of debt and the threat to the ride of bankruptcy or jail-did their thin shoulders bear this burden?
. However, Matterd "showed heroic anger at once, and resolutely decided to make ideas" to welcome the severe test of ten years of hard life!
What is the reason that she has not fallen and bravely faces reality, and accepts the challenge of life?
The efforts made in the compensation chain, and in the lines of the full text, we can obviously feel the cautiousness and honesty and innocent character of the small staff. -It after all, she is different from the lower -level civilians who lack good education and a bourgeois who is full of hypocrisy and moral loss. In addition, the pursuit of her ideal persistence also proves that she is a strong person.
This is not the fundamental reason why Matillde has the courage to suffer for ten years of hard work.
. Let's take a look at the image of Matld ten years later. All the capitals that caused her "mad dream" at the beginning, elegance, beauty, and tenderness, "she hugged her hair randomly, tied his skirt sobbing, showing a pair of red hands, talking loudly and talking loudly ... "At this moment, in front of people is a real" poor woman who is poor ", neither the middle -class small Jia Jiyu nor pearly ladies.
But one thing will not change, that is, a warm longing for the upper bourgeoisie life, this kind of unswerving effort to pursue a vivid performance in ten years of hardships, that is, for this The beautiful memories of the night meeting:
Sometimes her husband's office goes, and she is sitting in front of the window alone, thinking back to the ball that year. That night, how beautiful she was, how beautiful she dumped.
The night romance, ten years of hardship. Value, or is it worth it? Marteld's answer is yes. This night meeting was the only climax in her life, the first and last manifestation of her own value, and the glorious highlight left in her dim life experience. It is enough to have such a lifetime in life. The eternal memory of this night meeting is the pillar of spiritual spirit in the past decade and the source of strength!
. She is a woman with a vanity!
r
The ending of the novel is the most exquisite stroke in this exquisite work. For many years, how many people want to use it as the beginning of another story and write a "necklace second". In fact, I don't have to work hard to see it. Because the fate of the novel and even the heroine has reached the limit, there is no room for play.
but the author left us room for fun.
This Mrs. Flean informed the real value of the necklace, which means that Matterd became a "rich woman" with a 36,000 Faron in an instant. In the later half of his life, he made up for the huge losses over the past ten years, and even as for the place where he could get a place in this Money and Money, he became a bourgeois woman.
But one thing will never find it back, that is, the old and eager to try, the dream, the dream. From the first day of the loss of the necklace, Matterd made it clear that this life has missed the "elegant and luxurious life". At this time, she is even more recognized. — Whether it is appearance or temperament.
Over the past ten years, all the difficulties and hardships are the price paid for that successful night meeting. It is precious that its value is valuable at the cost of ten years of hardships and 36,000 Farang. The good memories of the night meeting balanced their psychology and satisfied their vanity experience, so Matteld bravely affected all the sufferings.
If the real value of the "exquisite diamond necklace" of Matteld's life, she will still "get intoxicated in the mist of happiness" and spend the rest of her life unusually.
But now, the unsatisfactory youth, the hopes of all my life are buried by a misunderstanding. The facts of the iron that cannot be accepted. Marteld is much more painful to accept this severe facts than in ten years of hardships.
"My poor Mattild, the hanging necklace is fake, at most 500 Falang!" Salt, its effect is not inferior to the "You're let go, Xianglin!" Mattilde was surprised because of accidents. If you are crazy, there is only one ending: the spiritual collapse.
, although the author himself does not know enough about the social reasons that produce Mattild's tragedy, he is attributed to the occasional loss of the necklace, although the author has sympathy for the heroine. However, Mo Pangsan's vanity of her is completely. From this we can fully feel the strong and rational criticism of critical realism literature in the 19th century.
This Critical realist literature describing many middle and lower young people in the tragedy that failed to change their destiny, and eventually failed-of course, not all of the such as losing the necklace. The Jialulin Mibei (Jiali Sister) in Dracet has no loss of necklace, so she became the mistress of the Heswan; and in "Red and Black", Yu Lian Somar has successfully succeeded He was appointed by the Cavalry Cavalry Lieutenant, but in the end he was still pushed to the broken tail. Let's listen to his generous words in court:
Mr, I don't have this honor to belong to you. In your eyes, I am a farmer who resisted my humble fate ... … Some people use me to kill a hundred, so that such a young man will always lose courage. They are born in a humble class, which can be said to be suffered from poverty, but they are fortunately educated and boldly mixed in. The money man proudly called the circle of high society.
This is my crime. Sir, it will be punished by particularly severe punishment ...
The only said half of the society, and the society's stifling of human nature is an external factor, and the bourgeois thought of poisoning his personality makes him personality. Twisting is the real reason. If not, there are only some upright, kind, and hard -working middle and lower people in the society, and there are more batch of treacherous gentlemen and shameless ladies.
The theme of "Necklace"
The traditional view is that this novel is sharply satirized by the vanity of the petty bourgeoisie and the pursuit of enjoyment. Ironics, with a trace of sighs -there is sympathy for Marteld.
The basis for this view is that although there is no word condemning Matilder's vanity, the author's attitude is revealed everywhere in the character description and plot arrangement. For example, how to write about the luxurious life of the big assets as the ideal of Matterd at the beginning. Later, she wrote how she exhausted her husband's savings after receiving the invitation. This series of description shows the soul of this petty bourgeois woman's soul. Vulgar. In addition, the satisfaction of Marteld's night of night brings ten years of hardship, which is a punishment for her vanity. The last ten years of the novel was just for a pupa, which was also irony for her spicy.
Matild's vanity is not an individual phenomenon, but the product of class society, with a certain typical nature. The life that is uneasy and working hard to work hard is that people who are more poor than themselves want to be promoted to large assets, and they want to take shortcuts and borrow the chances of luck. Of course, only a few small assets have been successful, and most of the small assets have fallen into a more tragic situation in the competition. "Necklace" ridiculed the contempt of the pursuit of vanity in class society, and helped us to understand the social reasons why this kind of atmosphere.
. Another view is that the author has no intention of making a clear value judgment on the characters; what he is interested in, or the dramatic changes that occur on the character, which causes the soul to shock and deeply think. It is powerless for this change.
The basis for this view is that, first, from Matterd's view, everyone can get what they want with their own efforts; not to mention "Instead of enduring all kinds of poverty and ugliness, she cannot blame her for vanity and pursuit of enjoyment. The value standard of "poverty" is hidden behind this accusation, and the values of poverty moralization are very suspicious. Second, the author did not criticize the pursuit of enjoyment of enjoyment, and did not praise the debt for ten years of hardships. He did not make a clear tendency choice for the two. , The very small thing can be corrupted, or you can make it all! "
. Our view is that" necklace "is written by the wife of a small civil servant Mattild To compensate the tragedy story of a borrowed fake necklace. The author regrets his helpless situation of his helpless situation although he has a beautiful posture; he expresses sympathy and regret for her unfortunate encounters for her and her husband's unfortunate encounters in a fake necklace; Affirm with the spirit of struggle. The novel also criticized the vanity of the heroine. At the same time, it attacked and exposed the desire of the noble classes and the desire to falsify.
The exquisite concept of "Necklace"
It, in order to highlight the theme, the author designed a tortuous experience of the protagonist from adversity to smooth situation and then falling into adversity. At first, Martild's frustration in marriage seemed to have caught her adversity. However, the Minister of Education held the invitation of the ball and opened the door to hope. The solution of dance and jewelry makes her closer to success. At the dance meeting, he saw the road to success. Unexpectedly, she lost her necklace and caused her to fall into Ecuna again. In this way, the adversity -the transition of adversity has made the situation of the characters more miserable, and the theme is even more prominent.
"Necklace" has a series of unexpected plots. The novel writes that the heroine has been looking forward to the upper society, but after receiving the invitation to the minister's ball, she was "annoyed" and "worried." She succeeded at the dance party, and she was about to work, but lost the necklace. After losing the necklace, I finally learned that the necklace was fake. These plots seem to be unexpected and reasonable, which is inseparable from the author's series of pavement. At the beginning of the novel, the author introduced the psychology of Matilder's longing for high social life, which provided a basis for the description of the character's annoyance and frustration. The novel also mentioned the relationship between the hostess and her friend Buddhism. The heroine borrows the necklace, the necklace, the compensation chain, the debt repayment, and the discovery of the necklace is a pupa, which is related to this. When borrowing and repaying the necklace, the wife of the Buddha's Siyi Festival did not care, which contained a hint that the necklace was not a valuable thing. The last novel out of the necklace is fake. Readers think of the suggestion above and will realize it.
The psychological description of the three "Necklace"
The psychological description of "Necklace" is delicate and profound. The author is very good at showing the character's inner world by psychological analysis. For example, "she always wants to look at people's joy, be envied, and is pursued by seduction." It shows that she hopes to get rid of shabby, dim, and mediocre life, and be in a high society. Mrs. Noble's dream; through "her beauty is better than all female guests", she shows her self -confidence that she is conscious and has the capital of a mediocre family and climbing into the upper society. This vanity is caused by the request of a capitalist society as a game. It foreshadows the inevitability of Marteld's tragedy.