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The emergence and development of Chinese gold and silver has gone through a long historical stage. The gold and silver wares of each period have their specific historical and cultural connotations. Let us go back to the ancient years and understand its development trajectory.
The Shang Zhou gold and silver device: small and simple
The earliest gold products have been found in the archeological excavation so far, which has been from the Shang Dynasty, which has a history of more than 3,000 years. The distribution range of Shang Dynasty gold wares is mainly the Central Plains region centered on Shang culture, as well as ethnic minorities in the north of the Shang Dynasty, northwest and southwest. In today's Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, and Sichuan have all found gold wares during this period. Generally speaking, the gold wares of this period are relatively simple in shape, small shapes, and rare decorations. Most of them are decorations.
Ifly to compare the gold wares unearthed from the surrounding areas, they will find that they seem to develop on several parallel lines that do not interfere with each other. In terms of shape and occasional discovery, the characteristics of regional culture are very distinctive. Most of the gold products in the Shang Dynasty Rule of Rule are gold foil, gold leaf and gold, mainly used for utensil decoration. Gold jewelry in the north and northwestern regions of the Shang Dynasty is mainly gold jewelry worn by personal. Among the gold wares discovered during this period, the most notable of people was a batch of gold wares unearthed from the early Shu cultural site in Samsung, Sichuan, Sichuan, Sichuan. Not only the number is large, but also a unique shape. Among them, the unique golden masks, gold sticks and various gold ornaments are also unprecedented by business culture and other regional culture. The early development of gold and silverware also reflects the diversity and imbalance of China's early civilization development. This is determined by the vast number of Chinese and natural conditions.
The prosperity and development of bronze craftsmanship during the Zhou Dynasty, laying a strong material and technical foundation for the development of gold and silver instruments. At the same time The development; and the gold and silverware can exert its aesthetic function in a more diverse form in a broader field. Most of the early gold and silver products were decorations, and the most common gold foil was mostly used for accessories on other utensils, or in other words, to enhance the beauty of the utensils in the form of combining with other utensils. At the latest in the Western Zhou Dynasty, gold and silver officers appeared.
The Spring and Autumn Warring States Gold and Silver Ware: Fresh and lively
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, social change brought major changes in the field of production and life. The emergence of a large number of wrong gold and silverware has almost become a sign of the high level of technology at this period.
In from the excavation location, the distribution area of the gold and silver instruments during this period was significantly expanded, and it was found in the south and north. There are many types of gold and silverware. The emergence of gold and silver utensils and the appearance of a considerable part of silverware are very eye -catching. From the perspective of gold and silver artistic characteristics and production technology, the north and south are different and the style is very different. The high development of a large number of gold and silverware unearthed from the Tomb of the Northern Huns and its golden craftsmanship is particularly dazzling.
During this period, in the tomb site in the Central Plains area, with the tomb of Qin Guo, No. 2, Baoji Yimen Village, Baoji, Shaanxi, the ancient tomb of Jincun, Luoyang, Henan, the Wei Guo cemetery in Guwei Village, Huiwei County, Henan Province, and Pingshan County, Hebei The gold and silver instruments unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan are the most representative. At this time, although the number of gold and silverware unearthed in the southern region was not large, it was very eye -catching. The most important discovery is a batch of gold wares unearthed from Zenghou Yi in Sui County, Hubei. The gold and silver wares in the Central Plains and the southern region are generally different from the shape style of the gold and silverware in the Northern Huns' ethnic minority areas. Most of its production techniques come from bronze technology.
Qinhan gold and silver equipment: prosperity and development
Qin Dynasty gold and silver wares so far are extremely rare. In the funeral utensils of Liu Xiang, the King of Western Han Dynasty in Zibo Village, Zibo, Shandong, he found a gold -engraved silver plate made by Qin Shihuang in 33 years. Exquisite production and decoration. This method of gold in the silverware pattern is very popular in the Tang Dynasty, and the golden flower and silver disk are also very distinctive varieties in the Tang Dynasty gold and silver wares.
In the study of these gold and silver accessories, it can be proved that the production of gold and silver instruments in the Qin Dynasty has comprehensively used casting, welding, silk, embedded casting method, grinding, polishing, a variety of machinery, and multiple machinery. Connection and adhesion and other process technologies, and reach a very high level.
The Han Dynasty was a magnificent unified feudal empire full of vigor, and his national strength was very strong. The gold and silver wares unearthed in the tomb of the Han Dynasty, whether it is quantity, variety, or production technology, far exceeds the pre -Qin era. Generally speaking, the most common in gold and silver wares is still jewelry, there are not many gold and silver utensils, and gold containers are even less common. It may be because the method of gilt gold in this period is prevailing, so it is used as a gold device. So far, the Han and silver utensils seen in the archeological excavations are mostly made of silver. Silver bowls, plates, pots, 匜 boxes, etc. are found in various places. Generally, the shape of the instrument is simple, mostly plain.
The gold and silver products in the Han Dynasty, in addition to continuing to use bags, inlaid, plating, wrong, etc., are used for decorative copper and iron, and gold and silver are also made into gold foil or clay dandruff. On the fabric, to enhance the sense of richness, the most important thing is that the golden technology of the Han Dynasty has gradually developed and matured, and eventually separated from the traditional technologies of bronze craftsmanship and moved towards the path of independent development. The maturity of the golden cricket craftsmanship in the Han Dynasty made the shape of the gold and silver, the decoration, and the color more delicate and exquisite, rich in rich, and laid the foundation for the development and prosperity of the future gold and silver instruments.
The Han Dynasty gold and silver instruments were found in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other places. In addition to a large amount of gold and silver jewelry, there are mainly car and hunter, hooks, utensils, gold seals, and gold and silver medicine needles, which involve a wide range of surfaces. In the northern Xianbei tombs in the northern part of Jilin Province, the tomb of Xinjiang Wu Sun in the northwest, the hometown of the car master, and the ancient city of the ancient city, as well as the gold and silver in the Shizhai Mountain of Shizhai Mountain, Jinning, Yunnan, most of them are gold and silver accessories. Such as cards, golden flowers, jewelry, buckle, etc., have strong national colors.